Millennium Health and FitnessMillennium Health and Fitness
As we grow older, our health risks change, and understanding the main causes of death among older adults can empower us to make healthier choices. Many of these causes relate to lifestyle, genetics, and natural aging. In this week’s article, we will cover the most common health risks for older adults, along with tips for prevention.
Heart disease, the leading cause of death among older adults, includes conditions like heart failure, heart attacks, coronary artery disease, and arrhythmias, all of which can disrupt circulation. It’s often associated with diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol, with risk factors including smoking, poor diet, obesity, excessive alcohol intake, inactivity, and family history. Reducing these risks involves avoiding smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, moderating alcohol intake, and eating a balanced diet. If you have a family history or related conditions, consult your healthcare provider for personalized ways to lower your risk.
Cancer is another significant health concern, with common types in older adults including breast, colon, skin, and blood cancers like leukemia, with risk increasing as we age. Lifestyle changes that may help reduce cancer risk include avoiding smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, eating more fruits and vegetables, and limiting red and processed meats. Additionally, sun protection is important for reducing the risk of skin cancer. A recent study also found that people who met recommended exercise guidelines experienced a significant reduction in risk for seven of the 15 types of cancer studied.
COVID-19 became a leading cause of death in 2020, especially affecting older adults and those with underlying health conditions like lung disease, heart disease, and diabetes. Symptoms can vary, with older adults at higher risk for severe illness. To protect yourself, it’s important to stay up to date with vaccinations and booster shots, follow local masking guidelines, and avoid close contact with sick individuals. If diagnosed with COVID-19, consult your healthcare provider about managing symptoms and when to seek medical care, especially if you have pre-existing conditions. Early intervention can help prevent complications and ensure better outcomes.
Chronic lower respiratory disease (CLRD) includes four main conditions: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma. These diseases make breathing increasingly difficult, often leading to a sensation of breathlessness or suffocation as they worsen. To prevent or slow the progression of CLRD, it’s essential to avoid smoking and secondhand smoke, and to minimize exposure to wood-burning stoves or fireplaces, which can damage the lungs. A simple, non-invasive breathing test called spirometry, along with a healthcare provider’s assessment, can aid in detecting lung disease early.
Cerebrovascular disease, which includes stroke, refers to conditions that disrupt blood flow to the brain. A stroke can result from a blood clot or blockage, such as cholesterol buildup, that limits blood flow to part of the brain, or from a ruptured blood vessel. Both scenarios can damage brain tissue and may lead to paralysis, speech difficulties, swallowing issues, and mobility problems. High blood pressure is a primary risk factor for stroke, along with diabetes, high cholesterol, and smoking. To reduce your stroke risk, consider quitting smoking and working with your healthcare provider to manage high blood pressure and related conditions.
Alzheimer’s disease and similar cognitive conditions are progressive disorders that affect memory, thinking, and daily function in older adults. While the causes are unclear, medications can slow progression. Staying physically and mentally active, engaging in social activities, and having regular health check-ups may help reduce the risk of cognitive decline. Avoiding head trauma, such as by wearing seat belts and helmets, can also offer protection. Smoking increases the risk, and diabetes speeds cognitive decline. Additionally, following the MIND diet—a mix of the Mediterranean and DASH diets—can reduce Alzheimer’s risk by up to 53%.
Type 2 diabetes, commonly seen in older adults, is a chronic condition that weakens the immune system and increases the risk of stroke, heart disease, and circulatory problems. It can also slow wound healing and make respiratory infections like pneumonia more severe. If not well-managed, it can lead to complications such as kidney disease and heart problems. Maintaining a healthy weight through proper diet and regular exercise can reduce the risk of developing diabetes. Smokers are at a higher risk, so quitting smoking is essential. Controlling blood sugar levels, staying active, and following prescribed treatments are crucial for managing the condition and reducing long-term health risks.
Kidney inflammation, or nephritis, can be acute or chronic, often caused by bacterial infections, exposure to toxins like mercury or alcohol, autoimmune diseases, or certain medications. If untreated, it can lead to kidney failure, where toxins build up due to the kidneys’ inability to properly filter blood, often resulting in decreased urine output. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is typically linked to diabetes and high blood pressure, and it often goes undetected until it’s more advanced. To protect kidney health, it’s essential to stay hydrated, follow a low-sodium diet, and attend regular medical check-ups. Early intervention can help manage risks and prevent severe complications like the need for dialysis.
Falls, drug overdoses, car accidents, and poisoning are serious risks for older adults, with falls being particularly dangerous. Simple falls can lead to fractures, immobility, and disability, which can significantly impact quality of life and even lead to death. Factors like balance disorders, poor eyesight, and slower reflexes contribute to an increased risk of accidents in people over 65. To reduce fall risks, older adults should consider home modifications, such as removing tripping hazards and installing grab bars. Regular balance and strength exercises can also help improve stability. Additionally, staying up to date with eyeglass prescriptions, rising slowly from sitting, and wearing rubber-soled shoes can prevent accidents. It’s also crucial to be mindful of potential side effects of medications, both prescription and over the counter, that may contribute to falls or other injuries.
Chronic liver disease, including cirrhosis and hepatitis, can severely affect older adults by impairing the liver’s ability to filter toxins, store energy, and produce essential proteins. It is often caused by long-term alcohol use, viral infections like hepatitis, obesity, or certain medications. If untreated, it can lead to liver failure, requiring a transplant. Symptoms include fatigue, jaundice, and swelling in the abdomen or legs. Preventive measures include avoiding excessive alcohol, maintaining a healthy weight, and getting vaccinated against hepatitis. Regular check-ups and blood tests can help detect liver issues early and manage them effectively.
While genetics can play a role, many lifestyle choices can positively impact health as we age. Here are some tips:
Aging is a natural process that brings unique changes and opportunities to focus on well-being. While health risks may increase over time, older adults can take proactive steps to maintain and even enhance their quality of life. By staying active, eating a balanced diet, managing stress, and attending regular health check-ups, they can reduce the likelihood of many common age-related conditions. Thoughtful health choices, like these, support both physical and mental health, helping older adults stay independent, connected, and engaged in their communities. Embracing these habits can lead to a more vibrant and fulfilling life, allowing for a rewarding experience in the later years filled with energy and vitality.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Leading causes of death. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/leading-causes-of-death.htm
National Institutes of Health. (2022). Health topics for older adults. Retrieved from https://www.nih.gov/
Alzheimer’s Association. (2022). Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. Retrieved from https://www.alz.org/