As we grow older, our health risks change, and understanding the main causes of death among older adults can empower us to make healthier choices. Many of these causes relate to lifestyle, genetics, and natural aging. In this week’s article, we will cover the most common health risks for older adults, along with tips for prevention.

Heart Disease

Heart disease, the leading cause of death among older adults, includes conditions like heart failure, heart attacks, coronary artery disease, and arrhythmias, all of which can disrupt circulation. It’s often associated with diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol, with risk factors including smoking, poor diet, obesity, excessive alcohol intake, inactivity, and family history. Reducing these risks involves avoiding smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, moderating alcohol intake, and eating a balanced diet. If you have a family history or related conditions, consult your healthcare provider for personalized ways to lower your risk.

Cancer

Cancer is another significant health concern, with common types in older adults including breast, colon, skin, and blood cancers like leukemia, with risk increasing as we age. Lifestyle changes that may help reduce cancer risk include avoiding smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, eating more fruits and vegetables, and limiting red and processed meats. Additionally, sun protection is important for reducing the risk of skin cancer. A recent study also found that people who met recommended exercise guidelines experienced a significant reduction in risk for seven of the 15 types of cancer studied.

COVID-19

COVID-19 became a leading cause of death in 2020, especially affecting older adults and those with underlying health conditions like lung disease, heart disease, and diabetes. Symptoms can vary, with older adults at higher risk for severe illness. To protect yourself, it’s important to stay up to date with vaccinations and booster shots, follow local masking guidelines, and avoid close contact with sick individuals. If diagnosed with COVID-19, consult your healthcare provider about managing symptoms and when to seek medical care, especially if you have pre-existing conditions. Early intervention can help prevent complications and ensure better outcomes.

Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases (CLRD)

Chronic lower respiratory disease (CLRD) includes four main conditions: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma. These diseases make breathing increasingly difficult, often leading to a sensation of breathlessness or suffocation as they worsen. To prevent or slow the progression of CLRD, it’s essential to avoid smoking and secondhand smoke, and to minimize exposure to wood-burning stoves or fireplaces, which can damage the lungs. A simple, non-invasive breathing test called spirometry, along with a healthcare provider’s assessment, can aid in detecting lung disease early.

Stroke

Cerebrovascular disease, which includes stroke, refers to conditions that disrupt blood flow to the brain. A stroke can result from a blood clot or blockage, such as cholesterol buildup, that limits blood flow to part of the brain, or from a ruptured blood vessel. Both scenarios can damage brain tissue and may lead to paralysis, speech difficulties, swallowing issues, and mobility problems. High blood pressure is a primary risk factor for stroke, along with diabetes, high cholesterol, and smoking. To reduce your stroke risk, consider quitting smoking and working with your healthcare provider to manage high blood pressure and related conditions.

Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias

Alzheimer’s disease and similar cognitive conditions are progressive disorders that affect memory, thinking, and daily function in older adults. While the causes are unclear, medications can slow progression. Staying physically and mentally active, engaging in social activities, and having regular health check-ups may help reduce the risk of cognitive decline. Avoiding head trauma, such as by wearing seat belts and helmets, can also offer protection. Smoking increases the risk, and diabetes speeds cognitive decline. Additionally, following the MIND diet—a mix of the Mediterranean and DASH diets—can reduce Alzheimer’s risk by up to 53%.

Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes, commonly seen in older adults, is a chronic condition that weakens the immune system and increases the risk of stroke, heart disease, and circulatory problems. It can also slow wound healing and make respiratory infections like pneumonia more severe. If not well-managed, it can lead to complications such as kidney disease and heart problems. Maintaining a healthy weight through proper diet and regular exercise can reduce the risk of developing diabetes. Smokers are at a higher risk, so quitting smoking is essential. Controlling blood sugar levels, staying active, and following prescribed treatments are crucial for managing the condition and reducing long-term health risks.

Kidney Disease

Kidney inflammation, or nephritis, can be acute or chronic, often caused by bacterial infections, exposure to toxins like mercury or alcohol, autoimmune diseases, or certain medications. If untreated, it can lead to kidney failure, where toxins build up due to the kidneys’ inability to properly filter blood, often resulting in decreased urine output. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is typically linked to diabetes and high blood pressure, and it often goes undetected until it’s more advanced. To protect kidney health, it’s essential to stay hydrated, follow a low-sodium diet, and attend regular medical check-ups. Early intervention can help manage risks and prevent severe complications like the need for dialysis.

Falls and Unintentional Injuries

Falls, drug overdoses, car accidents, and poisoning are serious risks for older adults, with falls being particularly dangerous. Simple falls can lead to fractures, immobility, and disability, which can significantly impact quality of life and even lead to death. Factors like balance disorders, poor eyesight, and slower reflexes contribute to an increased risk of accidents in people over 65. To reduce fall risks, older adults should consider home modifications, such as removing tripping hazards and installing grab bars. Regular balance and strength exercises can also help improve stability. Additionally, staying up to date with eyeglass prescriptions, rising slowly from sitting, and wearing rubber-soled shoes can prevent accidents. It’s also crucial to be mindful of potential side effects of medications, both prescription and over the counter, that may contribute to falls or other injuries.

Chronic Liver Disease

Chronic liver disease, including cirrhosis and hepatitis, can severely affect older adults by impairing the liver’s ability to filter toxins, store energy, and produce essential proteins. It is often caused by long-term alcohol use, viral infections like hepatitis, obesity, or certain medications. If untreated, it can lead to liver failure, requiring a transplant. Symptoms include fatigue, jaundice, and swelling in the abdomen or legs. Preventive measures include avoiding excessive alcohol, maintaining a healthy weight, and getting vaccinated against hepatitis. Regular check-ups and blood tests can help detect liver issues early and manage them effectively.

Tips for Staying Healthy as You Age

While genetics can play a role, many lifestyle choices can positively impact health as we age. Here are some tips:

• Exercise Regularly and Eat a Balanced Diet: Physical activity and healthy eating habits support cardiovascular health, muscle strength, and help manage weight.
• Quit Smoking and Limit Alcohol: Both of these lifestyle changes can reduce the risk of numerous chronic conditions and contribute to overall well-being.
• Stay Mentally and Socially Engaged: Activities like reading, learning new things, and socializing can help keep the brain active and support mental health.
• Keep Up with Regular Health Screenings: Routine screenings for conditions like cancer, diabetes, and high blood pressure can aid in early detection and treatment.
• Fall-Proof Your Home: Simple adjustments, such as improving lighting, clearing pathways, and installing support bars, can greatly reduce fall risks.

Aging is a natural process that brings unique changes and opportunities to focus on well-being. While health risks may increase over time, older adults can take proactive steps to maintain and even enhance their quality of life. By staying active, eating a balanced diet, managing stress, and attending regular health check-ups, they can reduce the likelihood of many common age-related conditions. Thoughtful health choices, like these, support both physical and mental health, helping older adults stay independent, connected, and engaged in their communities. Embracing these habits can lead to a more vibrant and fulfilling life, allowing for a rewarding experience in the later years filled with energy and vitality.

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References:

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Leading causes of death. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/leading-causes-of-death.htm

National Institutes of Health. (2022). Health topics for older adults. Retrieved from https://www.nih.gov/

Alzheimer’s Association. (2022). Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. Retrieved from https://www.alz.org/

Healthy aging is about making choices and adopting habits that support physical, mental, and emotional well-being as we grow older. This approach encourages living with vitality, independence, and purpose. From staying physically active to nurturing mental wellness, healthy aging involves a balanced lifestyle that helps you feel your best at every stage of life.

The Role of Strength Training in Healthy Aging

Strength training is a vital component of staying healthy as we age. Research from the National Institute on Aging (NIA) shows that it can improve mobility, maintain muscle mass, and support overall function in older adults.

• Maintaining Muscle Mass: Age-related loss of muscle, known as sarcopenia, can begin as early as age 30 and accelerates after age 60. This can make tasks like walking or climbing stairs more challenging. Regular strength training helps combat this decline, enabling older adults to stay active, independent, and reduce the risk of falls.
  
  
• Improving Mobility: Mobility naturally declines with age, but staying active helps maintain flexibility, balance, and coordination. Strength training, along with other exercises, keeps the body agile and responsive, making everyday activities easier and promoting independence.

Activities for Healthy Aging

• Engage in Regular Exercise
  Physical activity, such as walking, swimming, yoga, or strength training, is essential to keep your body strong and flexible. Exercise improves balance, reduces joint pain, and strengthens muscles. Start with activities that you enjoy and can do consistently. For those with mobility challenges, consulting a physical therapist can help find safe, effective exercises.
  
  
• Practice Balance Exercises
  Balance becomes increasingly important with age, as falls are a common risk. Practicing exercises like standing on one foot, walking heel-to-toe, or doing simple leg lifts can strengthen the core and improve coordination. These exercises are simple to incorporate into daily routines and can be done at home.
  
  
• Enhance Your Living Space for Safety
  Optimize your living environment to support mobility and independence. Ensure that walkways are clear, install handrails, and use non-slip mats in key areas. Make sure your home is well-lit and consider adding night lights in hallways and bathrooms. Small modifications can greatly reduce the risk of falls and make it easier to move around your home.
  
  
• Keep Your Mind Active
  Engaging in mentally stimulating activities is essential for cognitive health. Reading, learning a new skill, doing puzzles, or engaging in creative hobbies keeps your brain active and can help prevent age-related cognitive decline. These activities also contribute to mental resilience and reduce stress, which is beneficial for emotional health.
  
  
• Maintain Social Connections
  Staying socially connected is crucial for mental and emotional well-being. Spend time with friends and family, join community groups, or volunteer. Social interactions provide emotional support, reduce feelings of loneliness, and promote a sense of belonging.
  
  
• Eat a Balanced, Nutritious Diet
  Nutrition plays a major role in healthy aging. A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, whole grains, and healthy fats helps maintain a healthy weight, reduces joint strain, and provides essential nutrients for bone, heart, and brain health. Limiting processed foods and sugar while focusing on whole foods can greatly benefit physical and mental wellness.

The Importance of Mental Health in Healthy Aging

Mental wellness is as important as physical health in aging. Regularly engaging in activities that stimulate the brain, managing stress, and fostering positive relationships contribute to overall well-being. Being proactive about mental health can prevent cognitive decline, reduce stress, and improve emotional resilience.

Key Takeaways for Healthy Aging

• Stay Active: Prioritize regular physical activity, including strength and balance exercises.
• Engage Your Mind: Stimulate your brain with activities like reading, puzzles, or learning something new.
• Focus on Nutrition: A balanced diet supports physical and mental health.
• Nurture Social Ties: Relationships provide emotional support and promote mental well-being.

Healthy aging is about embracing small, sustainable changes that enhance quality of life as we age. Prioritizing physical activity, mental engagement, and social interaction lays the foundation for a happy, healthy, and independent future.

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References: 

National Today. (n.d.). Healthy Aging Month – September 2023. National Today. Retrieved November 12, 2024, from https://nationaltoday.com/healthy-aging-month/

National Institute on Aging. (2022, May 26). How can strength training build healthier bodies as we age? National Institutes of Health. Retrieved November 12, 2024, from https://www.nia.nih.gov/news/how-can-strength-training-build-healthier-bodies-we-age

Pahor, M., Guralnik, J. M., Ambrosius, W. T., Blair, S., Bonds, D. E., Church, T. S., & Williamson, J. D. (2014). Effect of structured physical activity on prevention of major mobility disability in older adults: The LIFE study randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 311(23), 2387–2396. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.5616

Self-care is precisely what the term suggests: the practice of caring for oneself. This encompasses a variety of activities and routines designed to maintain and enhance one’s health—physically, mentally, and spiritually. While many people recognize the importance of self-care, it often takes a backseat during challenging times. Situations such as poor health, financial crises, job loss, or personal hardships can push self-care down the list of priorities. However, maintaining self-care at the forefront is crucial, especially when faced with adversity (Glowiak et al., 2022).

Is Self-Care Really Important?

In our fast-paced and demanding society, there is often an expectation to work long hours without taking necessary breaks. This pervasive belief that one must always be productive can diminish the perceived value of self-care, making it seem like an indulgence rather than a necessity. However, engaging in self-care activities is essential for reducing the stressors of daily life and allowing for a reset. Neglecting self-care can lead to burnout, anxiety, and depression, which can affect both personal well-being and professional productivity (Glowiak et al., 2022).

Research shows that participating in self-care can have profound benefits. Regular engagement in self-care practices has been clinically proven to reduce anxiety and depression, enhance concentration, minimize frustration, and increase overall happiness. From a physical health standpoint, self-care has been linked to a lower risk of serious conditions such as heart disease, stroke, and cancer. On a spiritual level, it fosters a connection to one’s higher purpose, promoting a sense of meaning and fulfillment in life (Glowiak et al., 2022).

What’s Standing in Your Way?

One of the most common barriers to self-care is the perception of having insufficient time. Many people feel overwhelmed by their daily responsibilities, making it seem impossible to carve out time for self-care. Yet, it is essential to prioritize time for yourself, even in small increments. Self-care does not need to be costly or elaborate; it can be as simple as taking a few moments for deep breathing or enjoying a quiet cup of tea at home. The goal is to find what resonates with you and commit to those practices consistently. Even brief moments of self-care throughout the day can lead to significant improvements in overall health and well-being (Glowiak et al., 2022).

Self-Care Plan

To effectively create a self-care plan, consider the eight dimensions of wellness defined by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). These dimensions—emotional, environmental, financial, intellectual, occupational, physical, social, and spiritual—are interconnected, and maintaining a balance among them can enhance overall wellness.

When facing challenges, individuals may lean on their strongest dimensions for support. However, neglecting too many dimensions can lead to feelings of imbalance and struggle. Each person’s self-care plan will vary based on individual needs and preferences, but here are tailored suggestions for each dimension to help guide you toward a more holistic approach to self-care (Glowiak et al., 2022):

• Emotional: Engage in activities that promote emotional well-being, such as journaling, talking to someone you trust, listening to uplifting music, exercising, or enjoying a good movie or book that enhances your mood. Don’t hesitate to express your feelings, whether through laughter, tears, or simply sharing with a friend.
• Environmental: Create a positive living and working environment. Take walks in nature, breathe in fresh air, and soak in the beauty of the sun or stars. Engage in activities like recycling or decluttering your space to create a more serene environment.
• Financial: Develop a practical financial plan that aligns with your goals. Consider opening a savings account or adjusting your budget to prioritize savings. Being mindful of your spending habits and seeking financial advice can also help alleviate financial stress.
• Intellectual: Keep your mind engaged by reading books, watching documentaries, completing puzzles, or enrolling in classes to learn new skills. Stay curious about the world around you and seek opportunities to expand your knowledge.
• Occupational: Take steps to enhance your professional life. This could involve pursuing further education, seeking promotions, or exploring new career paths. Update your resume or network within your industry to discover new opportunities.
• Physical: Prioritize your physical health by maintaining a regular exercise routine, eating nutritious meals, and keeping up with medical appointments. Ensure you are getting adequate sleep and avoiding harmful substances, as these are vital components of physical wellness.
• Social: Nurture your social connections by spending time with family and friends, volunteering in your community, or engaging in positive interactions on social media. Building a support network can enhance your social well-being.
• Spiritual: Explore your spirituality through practices such as meditation, prayer, yoga, or reflective journaling. Connect with places or activities that resonate with your sense of purpose and seek solace in your higher power or community.

Integrating self-care into your daily routine is vital for achieving balance in the dimensions of wellness. By committing to regular self-care practices, you can enhance your overall health and lead a more fulfilling life. Remember that life is precious, and self-care is an essential part of enjoying it fully (Glowiak et al., 2022).

References:

Glowiak, M., H. (2020, April 14). What is self-care and why is it important for you? Southern New Hampshire University. Retrieved September 19, 2022, from https://www.snhu.edu/about-us/newsroom/health/what-is-self-care

As the new year approaches, many of us start promising ourselves that this will be the year we grow our businesses or advance our careers like never before. Sound familiar? You’ve likely already written down some resolutions and are ready to go. But the big question to ask yourself is, what will make this year different? What will prevent you from falling back into the same habits and getting the same results?

Here are a few ways to build momentum and make this your best year ever:

Make Reasonable and Specific Goals. One of the most common ways to fall short of your goals is by setting unattainable targets. When defining your objectives, choose wisely. It’s often better to make significant progress on one goal than to make minimal advancements on multiple goals. By focusing on quality and narrowing your focus, you set yourself up for greater success (Shapiro & Carlson, 2009).

Create a Plan. Once you have your goal(s) in mind, use a backward planning approach. Break your goal into smaller, manageable steps. This creates a clear roadmap of what needs to be done to reach your desired destination. Working backward helps structure your plan, making it easier to track progress and stay focused on your objectives (Langer, 1989).

Ensure Your Goals are Measurable. Achievement often follows measurement. To gauge progress, set measurable milestones. By tracking your progress, you can celebrate small victories and maintain momentum (National Alliance on Mental Illness, 2022).

Talk About Your Goals. Share your goals with friends, family, and trusted colleagues. Their support can help keep you accountable and motivated, making your journey to success less solitary (Shapiro & Carlson, 2009).

Ask for Help if Needed. Don’t hesitate to seek help when needed. If things aren’t going as planned, reaching out to others can provide fresh perspectives and guidance (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2020).

Avoid Repeating Mistakes. If past methods haven’t worked, don’t expect different results by continuing with them. Instead, take a different approach to see better outcomes (Langer, 1989).

Prioritize Time for Yourself. Block out specific time slots in your calendar for focused work. Creating these distraction-free periods can boost productivity and ensure you stay on track (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020).

Balance Work and Play. While work is important, your greatest wealth is often discretionary time. Be sure to say yes to activities that bring you joy and fulfillment. Balance is essential for long-term success and happiness (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2021).

Vision Boards

Vision boards are collections of images, objects, and ideas organized to help you visualize and manifest your goals. They can be physical boards or digital creations.

What Does a Vision Board Do?

A vision board serves as a tangible guide for your aspirations in various areas of life, offering a visual representation of the goals you aim to achieve. Placing it in a prominent space enables regular visualization exercises, reinforcing your priorities and goals. Visualization is a powerful mental exercise that becomes more impactful when focused on the feelings you want to experience, rather than just material outcomes (Shapiro & Carlson, 2009).

What You Will Need

• Wire boards, whiteboards, or corkboards
• Old magazines, catalogs, or printed online images
• Photos, postcards, and reminders of significant events or people
• Scissors, tape, pins, and/or glue

How to Make a Physical Vision Board

1. Gather materials.
2. Clarify your vision.
3. Collect images and objects that represent your vision.
4. Arrange your materials on the board.
5. Place your board where you will see it often.

How to Make a Digital Vision Board

1. Choose a tool (such as Canva or Pinterest).
2. Source your images.
3. Use a template or start from scratch.
4. Add your images and quotes.
5. Save your digital vision board and keep it visible.

By setting realistic goals, creating a solid plan, and visualizing success, you can make this upcoming year one of your most productive and fulfilling.

References:

Matuson, R. (2022, January 3). 10 tips to start the New Year Off Right. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/robertamatuson/2021/12/31/10-tips-to-start-the-new-year-off-right/?sh=4abd6490c1f6

Rider, E. (2017, December 7). The reason vision boards work and how to make one. HuffPost. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/the-scientific-reason-why_b_6392274. Retrieved November 2024.