Author: Lori Bane

Categories
Cholesterol

Lowering LDL-C to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Impact on Heart Attack and Stroke Prevention

Lori Bane

Lowering LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) plays a pivotal role in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which encompasses both heart attack and stroke prevention. This is due to LDL-C’s contribution to the development of atherosclerosis—a condition characterized by the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the arterial walls. These plaques can restrict blood flow or rupture, leading to serious cardiovascular events.

Impact on Heart Attack Prevention

Mechanism of Atherosclerosis: LDL-C contributes to the formation of plaques by depositing cholesterol in the arterial walls. Over time, these plaques grow and can cause the arteries to harden and narrow, a process known as atherosclerosis. When the coronary arteries (those supplying blood to the heart) are affected, it can lead to ischemia (reduced blood flow) and angina (chest pain).

Plaque Rupture and Blood Clots: A critical event in the progression of atherosclerosis is plaque rupture. When a plaque ruptures, it exposes its inner contents to the bloodstream, triggering the formation of a blood clot. If this clot obstructs a coronary artery, it can completely block blood flow to part of the heart muscle, resulting in a heart attack (myocardial infarction). Lowering LDL-C reduces the likelihood of plaque formation and rupture, thereby decreasing the risk of heart attacks.

Clinical Evidence: Numerous clinical trials have demonstrated the benefits of lowering LDL-C in reducing heart attack incidence. For example, studies involving statins—a class of drugs that effectively lower LDL-C—have shown a significant reduction in heart attack rates. The Cholesterol Treatment Trialists’ (CTT) Collaboration meta-analysis revealed that each 1 mmol/L (about 38.7 mg/dL) reduction in LDL-C was associated with a 21% reduction in major vascular events, including heart attacks.

Impact on Stroke Prevention

Atherosclerosis and Stroke: Just as atherosclerosis can affect the coronary arteries, it can also impact the carotid arteries (which supply blood to the brain) and other cerebral arteries. Plaques in these arteries can reduce blood flow to the brain or lead to the formation of blood clots that travel to the brain, causing ischemic strokes.

Ischemic Stroke: Ischemic strokes occur when a blood clot blocks a blood vessel supplying the brain. This is the most common type of stroke and can result from atherosclerosis. Lowering LDL-C decreases the risk of plaque buildup and rupture in these arteries, thereby reducing the incidence of ischemic strokes.

Hemorrhagic Stroke: Although less directly linked to LDL-C, hemorrhagic strokes (caused by bleeding in the brain) can also be influenced by overall cardiovascular health. High blood pressure, which can be exacerbated by high cholesterol levels, is a major risk factor for hemorrhagic strokes. Thus, managing LDL-C helps maintain overall vascular health, indirectly reducing the risk of hemorrhagic strokes.

Strategies for Lowering LDL-C

Making lifestyle modifications can significantly impact cholesterol levels and overall heart health. First, dietary changes are crucial: increasing intake of soluble fiber found in oats, beans, lentils, and certain fruits and vegetables can effectively lower LDL-C. Choosing healthier fats from sources like olive oil, avocados, and nuts over saturated and trans fats further helps in managing cholesterol levels. Including fish rich in omega-3 fatty acids, such as salmon, mackerel, and sardines, not only lowers triglycerides but also boosts HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol. Additionally, reducing consumption of high-cholesterol foods like organ meats, full-fat dairy, and shellfish can contribute to better heart health.

Physical activity plays a critical role as well. Engaging in regular aerobic exercises like walking, jogging, swimming, or cycling helps lower LDL-C while increasing beneficial HDL cholesterol levels. Incorporating muscle-strengthening activities into the routine on two or more days each week further enhances cardiovascular health.

Quitting smoking is another vital step. It not only improves blood vessel function but also raises HDL cholesterol levels and reduces overall cardiovascular risk. Similarly, limiting alcohol intake to up to one drink per day for women and up to two drinks per day for men is recommended to prevent negative effects on cholesterol levels and promote better heart health overall. These lifestyle changes, when combined and consistently maintained, can significantly reduce the risk of heart disease and improve overall cardiovascular well-being.

Medical Interventions:

Medical interventions for managing cholesterol levels primarily involve several types of medications aimed at reducing LDL-C and improving overall cardiovascular health.

Statins are the most prescribed drugs for lowering LDL-C. They work by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme crucial in cholesterol production in the liver. By lowering LDL-C levels, statins have been extensively shown to reduce the risk of heart attacks and strokes.

Bile acid sequestrants function by binding to bile acids in the intestine, preventing their reabsorption. This process prompts the liver to use cholesterol to produce more bile acids, thereby reducing the amount of cholesterol circulating in the bloodstream.

Cholesterol absorption inhibitors, like ezetimibe, work differently by reducing the absorption of dietary cholesterol from the intestines. Often used alongside statins, they provide an additional means of lowering LDL-C levels effectively.

PCSK9 inhibitors represent a newer class of medications that work by enhancing the liver’s ability to remove LDL cholesterol from the blood. This mechanism results in significant reductions in LDL-C levels, making PCSK9 inhibitors particularly beneficial for individuals with genetic conditions like familial hypercholesterolemia or those who do not tolerate statins well.

These medical interventions, tailored to individual patient needs and cholesterol profiles, play a crucial role in managing cholesterol levels and reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Regular monitoring and adjustments by healthcare providers ensure that treatment plans effectively support cardiovascular health over the long term.

Regular Check-Ups

Regular check-ups including lipid panel tests are essential for monitoring and managing cholesterol levels effectively. These tests measure key parameters such as total cholesterol, LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), and triglycerides. By regularly assessing these lipid levels, healthcare providers can customize treatments and make necessary adjustments to maintain optimal cardiovascular health. This proactive approach not only helps in early detection of any abnormalities but also ensures that patients receive timely interventions to mitigate the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Lowering LDL-C is essential for reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases, including heart attacks and strokes. Through lifestyle changes, medications, and regular monitoring, individuals can effectively manage their cholesterol levels. Proactive management of LDL-C not only improves overall heart health but also significantly decreases the likelihood of serious and potentially fatal cardiovascular events.Top of Form


References:

Dara K. Lee Lewis, M. (2020, January 20). LDL cholesterol: How low can you (safely) go?. Harvard Health. https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/ldl-cholesterol-how-low-can-you-safely-go-2020012018638

Categories
Cholesterol

High Cholesterol: A Major Risk Factor for Heart Disease and Stroke in the U.S.

Lori Bane

Understanding cholesterol is crucial for managing cardiovascular health. Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) carries cholesterol from the liver to the cells, but when there’s an excess, it can accumulate in the walls of the arteries. High levels of LDL cholesterol are a significant risk factor for atherosclerosis, a condition where fatty deposits (plaques) build up in the arteries, reducing or blocking blood flow and potentially leading to heart disease or stroke.

High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL), on the other hand, carries cholesterol away from the cells and back to the liver for processing and removal. High levels of HDL cholesterol can lower the risk of heart disease as it helps remove other forms of cholesterol from the bloodstream, earning it the title of “good” cholesterol. Triglycerides, the most common type of fat in the body, are used for energy. However, excess calories, alcohol, or sugar are converted into triglycerides and stored in fat cells. High triglyceride levels can increase the risk of coronary artery disease, especially in women.

Lifestyle Risk Factors

Lifestyle factors significantly influence cholesterol levels. Diets high in saturated fats (found in red meat and full-fat dairy products) and trans fats (found in many fried and commercially baked products) can raise LDL cholesterol levels. Conversely, a diet low in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can also contribute to higher cholesterol. Lack of physical activity contributes to weight gain and high LDL cholesterol levels, whereas regular physical activity helps boost HDL cholesterol while lowering LDL and triglycerides. Smoking damages blood vessel walls, making them more prone to fatty deposits, and lowers HDL cholesterol levels. Excessive alcohol consumption can raise triglycerides and increase heart disease risk, although moderate alcohol consumption has been associated with higher HDL cholesterol levels.

Genetic factors also play a role. Familial hypercholesterolemia is a genetic disorder characterized by high cholesterol levels, particularly very high levels of LDL, and early cardiovascular disease. Individuals with this condition often have elevated cholesterol levels from birth.

Health Impacts

High cholesterol impacts heart health significantly. Atherosclerosis, caused by cholesterol plaques forming in the arteries, leads to their hardening and narrowing, reducing blood flow and causing chest pain (angina) or potentially a heart attack. If a plaque ruptures, a blood clot can form, blocking blood flow to the heart and causing a heart attack, which can be fatal if not treated promptly. High cholesterol can also lead to ischemic strokes, the most common type, caused by blood clots blocking arteries supplying blood to the brain. Uncontrolled high blood pressure, exacerbated by high cholesterol, can cause hemorrhagic strokes, where a blood vessel in the brain bursts.

Prevention

Preventing high cholesterol involves dietary and lifestyle changes. Increasing fiber intake with foods high in soluble fiber, such as oats, beans, lentils, and certain fruits and vegetables, can help reduce LDL cholesterol. Choosing healthy fats over saturated and trans fats is crucial. Replacing these unhealthy fats with those found in olive oil, avocados, and nuts can be beneficial. Incorporating more fish into the diet, particularly those rich in omega-3 fatty acids like salmon, mackerel, and sardines, can help lower triglycerides and boost HDL cholesterol. It’s also important to limit cholesterol intake by reducing the consumption of high-cholesterol foods such as organ meats, full-fat dairy, and shellfish.

Regular exercise is vital for maintaining healthy cholesterol levels and overall cardiovascular health. Engaging in aerobic activities like walking, jogging, swimming, or cycling for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity exercise each week is recommended. Including muscle-strengthening activities on two or more days a week can provide further benefits.

Quitting smoking offers immediate and long-term health benefits. Blood pressure and heart rate recover from the cigarette-induced spike within 20 minutes of quitting, and within a year, the risk of heart disease drops to about half that of a smoker. Limiting alcohol consumption is also important for managing cholesterol levels, with moderation generally meaning up to one drink per day for women and up to two drinks per day for men.

Medical Interventions

Medical interventions for managing high cholesterol typically involve medications and regular check-ups. Statins are the most common drugs prescribed for high cholesterol, effectively lowering LDL cholesterol and reducing the risk of heart attack and stroke. Bile acid sequestrants work by binding to bile acids and removing cholesterol from the bloodstream. Cholesterol absorption inhibitors reduce the amount of cholesterol absorbed from the diet. PCSK9 inhibitors, a newer class of drugs, significantly lower LDL cholesterol levels by enhancing the liver’s ability to absorb LDL cholesterol.

Regular check-ups are crucial for effective cholesterol management. A lipid panel test, which measures total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides, is vital for monitoring cholesterol levels. These tests help healthcare providers tailor treatments and make necessary adjustments to ensure optimal cardiovascular health.

High cholesterol is a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke, but it is manageable. By adopting healthy lifestyle habits and, when necessary, taking medications, individuals can significantly reduce their cholesterol levels and the associated risks. Regular monitoring and proactive management are key to maintaining heart health and preventing serious cardiovascular events.”

References:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). About cholesterol. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/cholesterol/about/index.html#:~:text=As%20cholesterol%20%28plaque%29%20builds%20up%20in%20the%20arteries%2C,leading%20causes%20of%20death%20in%20the%20United%20States. 

Categories
Cholesterol

National Cholesterol Education Awareness

Lori Bane

National Cholesterol Education Month, observed every September, is a critical health initiative aimed at raising awareness about the dangers of high cholesterol and promoting strategies to manage and lower cholesterol levels. This awareness month is spearheaded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and involves various health organizations working together to educate the public about cholesterol and its impact on cardiovascular health.

Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance found in all cells of the body. It’s essential for producing hormones, vitamin D, and substances that help digest foods. However, having high levels of cholesterol in the blood can significantly increase the risk of heart disease and stroke.

Types of Cholesterol

Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL):

  • Known as “bad”cholesterol.
  • High levels of LDL can lead to plaque buildup in arteries, which can narrow or block arteries and result in heart disease or stroke.

High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL):

  • Known as “good” cholesterol.
  • Helps remove LDL cholesterol from the bloodstream, transporting it to the liver, where it is broken down and removed from the body.

Triglycerides:

  • A part of fat in the blood.
  • High triglyceride levels combined with high LDL or low HDL levels can increase the risk of heart disease.

Factors Influencing Cholesterol Levels

Controllable Factors:

  • Inactivity: Lack of physical activity can contribute to harmful cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
  • Obesity: Having a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher can increase cholesterol levels.
  • Unhealthy Diet: Diets high in saturated fats and trans fats can lead to elevated cholesterol levels. Saturated fats are commonly found in fatty cuts of meat and full-fat dairy products, while trans fats are present in many packaged snacks and desserts.

Uncontrollable Factors:

  • Genetics: Your genetic makeup may affect your body’s ability to remove LDL cholesterol from your blood or break it down in the liver.

Medical Conditions That Can Cause Unhealthy Cholesterol Levels:

  • Chronic kidney disease
  • Diabetes
  • HIV/AIDS
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Lupus

Medications That Can Worsen Cholesterol Levels:

  • Medications for acne
  • Cancer treatments
  • High blood pressure medications
  • HIV/AIDS treatments
  • Medications for irregular heart rhythms
  • Medications for organ transplants

Additional Risk Factors:

  • Poor Diet: Excessive consumption of saturated fats and trans fats increases the risk of high cholesterol.
  • Obesity: A BMI of 30 or higher is linked to higher cholesterol levels.
  • Lack of Exercise: Regular physical activity helps increase HDL (the “good” cholesterol).
  • Smoking: Cigarette smoking can lower HDL cholesterol levels.
  • Alcohol: Excessive alcohol intake can elevate total cholesterol levels.
  • Age: Although unhealthy cholesterol levels can affect young children, it is more prevalent in individuals over 40. Aging reduces the liver’s efficiency in removing LDL cholesterol.

Prevention

Regular Screening:

  • Adults should have their cholesterol levels checked every 4-6 years, with more frequent tests for those with risk factors.
  • A lipid panel test measures total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides.

Healthy Diet:

  • Eat a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats (such as those found in nuts, seeds, and fish).
  • Limit intake of saturated fats (found in red meat and full-fat dairy products) and trans fats (found in some fried and commercially baked products).

Physical Activity:

  • Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week, such as brisk walking, swimming, or cycling.
  • Physical activity helps improve cholesterol levels and overall cardiovascular health.

Weight Management:

  • Maintaining a healthy weight can help manage cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of heart disease.
  • Weight loss can lower LDL cholesterol and triglycerides while increasing HDL cholesterol.

Medications:

  • In some cases, lifestyle changes alone may not be enough to manage high cholesterol.
  • Doctors may prescribe medications such as statins, bile acid sequestrants, or other cholesterol-lowering drugs.

By raising awareness and promoting proactive measures, National Cholesterol Education Month seeks to lower the incidence of high cholesterol and related cardiovascular diseases. Through education, regular screenings, healthy lifestyle choices, and, when necessary, medical interventions, individuals can manage their cholesterol levels and enhance their overall heart health.

References:

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). About cholesterol. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/cholesterol/about/

Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2023, January 11). High cholesterol. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/symptoms-causes/syc-203508

Categories
Preventative Care

Top 10 Preventative Care Practices

Health Wellbeing Wellness Vitality Healthcare Concept

Lori Bane

  1. Schedule Regular Check-Ups. Schedule annual physical exams to help detect health issues early, monitor chronic conditions, and update vaccinations. This will help you to create a personalized health plan and gain helpful preventive care advice from your health care providers..
  2. Stay Up-to-Date with Vaccinations. Stay up-to-date with vaccines such as Flu, HPV, tetanus, shingles, and COVID-19. Be sure to follow CDC and healthcare provider recommendations when scheduling. Staying up-to-date will help protect you against preventable diseases and complications.
  3. Get Screened for Cancer. Regular cancer screenings such as breast, cervical, colorectal, prostate, and skin cancer based on your age, gender, and family history will help in early detection and can increase treatment success rates.
  4. Monitor Blood Pressure and Cholesterol. Have your blood pressure and cholesterol checked at least once a year. This can help to reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke.
  5. Screen for Diabetes. Having a fasting blood sugar and A1C test every 3 years for adults over 45 (or more often if at risk) can help prevent health complications.
  6. Maintain Oral Health. Be sure to brush twice daily, floss daily, visit the dentist every 6 months, and have regular oral cancer screenings. This can prevent cavities, gum disease, and other oral health issues.
  7. Perform Self-Exams. Performing regular self-examinations such as breast self-exams, testicular self-exams, and skin checks monthly can help in the early detection of abnormalities or changes in these areas.
  8. Mental Health Check-Ins. Perform a regular self-assessment including looking for changes in mood, behavior, and sleep patterns and get counseling, if needed. Early intervention can improve your mental health outcomes.
  9. Follow a Healthy Lifestyle. Balanced nutrition, adequate hydration, regular physical activity and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption supports overall health and well-being and can prevent numerous health issues.
  10. Get Enough Sleep. Try to maintain a consistent sleep schedule, create a restful environment, and limit screen time before bed. Adequate sleep each night can enhance mental health and strengthen immune function.
Take Charge of Your Health Today!

Implementing these preventive care practices can lead to a healthier, happier life. Regular monitoring and proactive care are key to staying well and catching potential issues early. Start small, make gradual changes, and enjoy the benefits of better health

Categories
Immunizations

Scheduled Immunizations and Checkups for Children

African woman doctor in white coat and mask examining shoulder of african american girl after vaccination, selective focus. High quality photo

Lori Bane

The majority of parents adhere to the CDC’s recommended immunization schedule for their children, ensuring protection against 14 potentially severe diseases before the child’s second birthday. Timely vaccination not only shields the vaccinated child but also safeguards those with compromised immune systems who may be vulnerable to illness. By immunizing children as advised, we create a shield of protection not just for them but for the broader community, contributing to public health efforts in preventing the spread of contagious diseases.

Follow the Schedule

Just like any meticulous babyproofing strategy, the CDC’s recommended immunization schedule provides a safe and reliable shield for your baby. It’s meticulously designed considering your child’s immune system response to vaccines at different developmental stages and the likelihood of disease exposure. This tailored approach guarantees that your little one receives protection against 14 potentially severe diseases precisely when they need it most. Conversely, there is no scientific evidence to endorse the notion that spacing out vaccines offers a safer or more effective defense against these illnesses. Following the recommended schedule ensures your child receives the full benefits of vaccination, safeguarding their health and well-being.

Proactive Prevention

Delaying vaccinations increases the risk of exposing your child to diseases during critical developmental stages, when they are most susceptible to severe complications. Picture vaccines as protective gear, akin to a helmet for your baby. Just as safety equipment shields her from harm, following the vaccination schedule shields her from potentially life-threatening illnesses.

Infants are particularly vulnerable to serious complications from diseases. Take whooping cough, for instance. While it might result in a lingering cough for an adult, it can be extremely severe—even fatal—for babies under a year old. By postponing vaccinations, your child may encounter diseases like whooping cough precisely when they are most likely to experience severe consequences. Therefore, adhering to the recommended vaccination schedule is essential for ensuring your child’s safety and well-being during their most vulnerable stages of development.

Preventive Measures from the Start

It is crucial to vaccinate your child before they encounter harmful diseases. Imagine not waiting until you’re already driving to secure your baby in a car seat. You ensure their safety well in advance, knowing the potential risks. Vaccines operate on a similar principle—your child needs them long before any risk of disease exposure arises.

If you postpone vaccination until you suspect your child could encounter a severe illness, such as when they start daycare or during a disease outbreak, there may not be sufficient time for the vaccine to take effect. That’s why experts meticulously craft vaccination schedules, considering optimal timing. These schedules aim to provide immunity early in life, protecting children before they face the threat of life-threatening diseases. By adhering to these schedules, you prioritize your child’s health and well-being, safeguarding them against potential dangers.

Optimal Safeguarding

Ensuring your child’s full protection from vaccines is akin to securing all accessible outlets around your home—they must all be covered to guarantee safety. Likewise, optimal vaccine protection requires completing all recommended doses.

Each vaccine is meticulously designed to combat a specific illness. Some necessitate multiple doses to establish robust immunity or to reinforce immunity that wanes over time. Others require additional doses to ensure adequate protection in case the initial dose didn’t elicit sufficient antibody production. The flu vaccine, for instance, is necessary annually due to the virus’s evolving nature. In essence, every recommended dose of each vaccine on the schedule is indispensable for safeguarding your child’s health.

Sustained Safeguarding

Maternal antibodies and breastfeeding offer initial protection, akin to guiding a child as they learn to walk. The antibodies passed from mother to baby before birth provide a shield against diseases during the early months of life. However, just as a child eventually learns to walk independently, the immune system must eventually defend against diseases on its own. Vaccines play a crucial role in bolstering this defense once maternal antibodies diminish.

For instance, receiving whooping cough and flu vaccines during pregnancy allows for the transfer of some protection to the baby before birth. Nonetheless, this protection is limited to diseases the mother has immunity to and is effective only during the initial months.

While breastfeeding offers vital immunity support during the baby’s immune system development, it doesn’t provide complete protection against all diseases. Even for breastfed infants, vaccines remain the most potent method for disease prevention. Adhering to the immunization schedule ensures that the baby’s immune system receives the necessary assistance to safeguard against preventable diseases in the long term.

Transmission of Illness

Children who deviate from the recommended vaccination schedule not only jeopardize their own health but also pose a risk of spreading illness to vulnerable individuals, such as newborns who have yet to receive vaccines and individuals with compromised immune systems. By ensuring timely vaccination for your child, you’re not just safeguarding their well-being but also contributing to the protection of your wider social circle and community.

When children receive vaccines on schedule, they develop immunity against contagious diseases, reducing the likelihood of becoming carriers and transmitting infections to others. This protective barrier extends beyond the vaccinated child to shield those who may be susceptible to severe illness, including infants too young to be fully immunized and individuals with weakened immune systems due to medical conditions or treatments.

By prioritizing vaccination adherence, parents play a vital role in preserving public health and preventing the spread of contagious diseases within their communities. The collective effort to uphold vaccination schedules ensures a safer and healthier environment for everyone, reinforcing the concept of community immunity and protecting those who are most vulnerable.

 

The infant vaccination schedule commences shortly after birth, with your newborn receiving their initial shots during the first few months of life. Certain vaccines may be administered at varying ages during childhood. The following outline depicts a suggested child vaccination schedule, although your child’s pediatrician may adhere to different protocols. It’s essential to consult with your child’s pediatrician regarding the appropriate vaccines and their timing. The recommended vaccines by age are:

Birth vaccine

Vaccines for babies include their first doses of Hepatitis B (HepB).

  • Hepatitis B (HepB).

1- to 2-month vaccine

  • Hepatitis B (HepB).

2-month vaccines

Babies get several shots at 2 months of age. The DTaP vaccine schedule starts at 2 months. Your baby will get their first dose of:

  • Rotavirus (RV).
  • Diphtheria, tetanus and acellular
    pertussis (DTaP).
  • Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib).
  • Pneumococcal conjugate (PCV13).
  • Inactivated poliovirus (IPV).

4-month vaccines

For their 4-month shots, babies get a second dose of the vaccines they received at their 2-month appointment. These include:

  • Rotavirus (RV).
  • Diphtheria, tetanus and acellular
    pertussis (DTaP).
  • Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib).
  • Pneumococcal conjugate (PCV13).
  • Inactivated poliovirus (IPV).

6-month vaccines

At 6 months of age, your child may start to receive the influenza vaccine annually. In addition, your child may or may not need a third dose of the RV and Hib vaccines, depending on the brand your child’s healthcare provider used for their previous doses.

  • Influenza.
  • Rotavirus (RV).
  • Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib).
  • Diphtheria, tetanus and acellular
    pertussis (DTaP).
  • Pneumococcal conjugate (PCV13).

6- to 18-month vaccines

The timing of your baby’s third dose of these vaccines will depend on their healthcare provider’s recommendation. Six- to 18-month shots may include:

  • Hepatitis B (HepB).
  • Inactivated poliovirus (IPV).

12- to 15-month vaccines

Your child
will receive their first dose of MMR and varicella after they’ve hit their first birthday. Twelve- to 15-month shots include:

  • Measles, mumps and rubella (MMR).
  • Varicella (VAR).
  • Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib).
  • Pneumococcal conjugate (PCV13).

12- to 23-month vaccine

Your baby’s 12-month vaccines may include the first in a two-dose series of hepatitis A. They may receive the second vaccine at 2 years old.

  • Hepatitis A (HepA).

15- to 18-month vaccine

Your baby will receive one shot during this time frame, their fourth dose of DTaP.

  • Diphtheria, tetanus and acellular
    pertussis (DTaP).

4- to 6-year vaccines

Between 4 and 6 years old, your child may receive the following shots:

  • Diphtheria, tetanus and acellular
    pertussis (DTaP).
  • Inactivated poliovirus (IPV).
  • Measles, mumps and rubella (MMR).
  • Varicella (VAR).

11- to 12-year vaccines

Your child gets to wait a bit before their next round of vaccines.

  • Tetanus, diphtheria and acellular
    pertussis (Tdap) booster.
  • Human papillomavirus (HPV).
  • Meningococcal.

16-year vaccine

Your 16-year-old should receive their second dose of meningococcal.

  • Meningococcal.
References:

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020, February 25). Reasons to follow CDC’s immunization schedule. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/schedules/reasons-follow-schedule.html#:~:text=Most%20parents%20vaccinate%20their%20children,with%20a%20weakened%20immune%20system

Professional, C. C. medical. (n.d.). Childhood immunization schedule: Vaccines by age. Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/11288-childhood-immunization-schedule

 

Categories
Preventative Care

Decreasing the Risk of Developing Health Issues

Lori Bane

Heart disease and cancer are the leading causes of death. While there is no absolute prevention, adopting healthy habits can significantly reduce your risk of these and other major illnesses.

Many chronic diseases stem from a few key risk factors: tobacco use, poor nutrition, physical inactivity, and excessive alcohol consumption. By steering clear of these risks and prioritizing preventive healthcare, you can greatly enhance your likelihood of maintaining good health, feeling your best, and enjoying a longer life.

Quit Smoking

Quitting smoking is one of the most crucial actions you can take to enhance your health, regardless of your age or how long you’ve been a smoker. The benefits of quitting are significant and immediate, and the encouraging news is that there are effective treatments available to support you in this journey.

Nicotine, a naturally occurring drug in tobacco, is highly addictive, making it challenging for many individuals to stop smoking. However, numerous proven treatments and strategies can assist you in overcoming this addiction. These include nicotine replacement therapies, prescription medications, counseling, and support groups, all of which can significantly increase your chances of successfully quitting. Taking the step to quit smoking not only improves your current health but also reduces your risk of many serious diseases, leading to a longer, healthier life.

Eat Healthy

Maintaining a healthy diet is essential for preventing, delaying, and managing heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and other chronic illnesses. A well-balanced dietary pattern includes a variety of nutrient-dense foods that provide essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants.

Key components of a healthy diet are:

  • Fruit and Vegetables. Rich in fiber, vitamins, and minerals, these should make up a significant portion of your daily intake.
  • Whole Grains. Options like brown rice, quinoa, oats, and whole wheat provide complex carbohydrates and fiber, promoting digestive health and sustained energy levels.
  • Lean Protein. Sources such as fish, poultry, beans, and legumes are vital for muscle repair and overall bodily functions.
  • Low-Fat Dairy Products. These provide necessary calcium and vitamin D while keeping saturated fat intake low.

It’s also crucial to limit certain dietary components:

  • Added Sugars. Excessive sugar intake is linked to obesity, diabetes, and heart disease.
  • Saturated Fats. Found in fatty meats and full-fat dairy products, these can increase bad cholesterol levels and heart disease risk.
  • Sodium. High sodium intake is associated with hypertension and cardiovascular issues. 

Adopting these dietary habits helps maintain a healthy weight, supports bodily functions, and reduces the risk of chronic diseases, contributing to overall well-being and longevity.

Get Regular Physical Activity

Engaging in regular physical activity is vital for preventing, delaying, and managing chronic diseases. It supports cardiovascular health, boosts mental well-being, and enhances overall physical fitness.

Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity each week. Activities such as brisk walking, cycling, swimming, or gardening can significantly improve your heart health and stamina. Additionally, incorporate muscle-strengthening exercises, like weightlifting, resistance band workouts, or body-weight exercises, at least two days a week. These activities help maintain muscle mass, improve bone density, and enhance metabolic function.

By consistently integrating both aerobic and strength-training exercises into your routine, you can effectively reduce the risk of conditions such as heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. Moreover, regular physical activity improves mood, reduces stress, and boosts energy levels, contributing to a healthier, more vibrant life.

Limit Alcohol

Excessive alcohol consumption over time can lead to numerous serious health issues, including high blood pressure, various cancers, heart disease, stroke, and liver disease. By moderating your alcohol intake, you can significantly lower these health risks.

For men, it’s recommended to limit alcohol to no more than two drinks per day, while women should aim for no more than one drink per day. A standard drink is typically defined as 14 grams of pure alcohol, which equates to approximately 12 ounces of beer, 5 ounces of wine, or 1.5 ounces of distilled spirits.

Reducing alcohol consumption not only helps prevent chronic diseases but also promotes better mental health, improved sleep quality, and enhanced overall well-being. If you find it challenging to limit your alcohol intake, consider seeking support from healthcare professionals or support groups to help manage and reduce your consumption. By making conscious choices about alcohol, you can safeguard your health and improve your quality of life.

Take Care of Your Teeth

Oral diseases, including cavities, gum disease, and oral cancer, affect millions of Americans, causing significant pain and disability. Proper oral hygiene is essential in preventing these issues and maintaining overall health.

To keep your teeth and gums healthy:

  • Drink Fluoridated Water. Fluoride helps strengthen tooth enamel and prevent decay.
  • Brush Twice a Day with Fluoride Toothpaste. Brushing in the morning and before bed removes plaque and bacteria, reducing the risk of cavities and gum disease.
  • Floss Daily. Flossing removes food particles and plaque from between the teeth and along the gumline, areas that a toothbrush can’t reach.
  • Visit Your Dentist Annually. Regular dental check-ups are crucial for early detection and treatment of oral health issues. This applies even if you have no natural teeth or use dentures.

By adopting these practices, you can significantly reduce the risk of oral diseases, ensuring a healthier mouth and contributing to your overall well-being. Regular dental care not only prevents pain and discomfort but also supports better systemic health, as oral health is closely linked to conditions like heart disease and diabetes.

Get Enough Sleep

Adequate sleep is crucial for overall health and well-being. Insufficient sleep is associated with the onset and poor management of several chronic conditions, including diabetes, heart disease, obesity, and depression.

Adults should aim for at least 7 hours of quality sleep each night. Consistent, restful sleep helps regulate bodily functions, supports mental health, and boosts the immune system. To improve your sleep quality, establish a regular sleep schedule, create a relaxing bedtime routine, and ensure your sleep environment is comfortable and free from disruptions. Avoiding caffeine and electronic screens before bedtime can also enhance your ability to fall asleep and stay asleep.

Prioritizing sufficient sleep contributes to better health outcomes, improved mood, enhanced cognitive function, and increased energy levels, ultimately leading to a higher quality of life.

Know Your Family History

Understanding your family health history is vital, especially if there is a history of chronic diseases such as cancer, heart disease, diabetes, or osteoporosis. This knowledge can significantly impact your own health, as it may indicate a higher predisposition to these conditions.

Share your family health history with your doctor. With this information, your doctor can guide you on preventive measures, early screenings, and lifestyle modifications to reduce your risk. For instance, they may recommend more frequent screenings, suggest specific dietary and exercise routines, or monitor your health markers more closely.

Being proactive about your family health history enables you to take informed steps to prevent or detect chronic diseases early, ultimately enhancing your ability to manage your health and well-being effectively.

References:

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). Preventing chronic diseases: What you can do now. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/chronic-disease/prevention/index.html#:~:text=Get%20Regular%20Physical%20Activity,activities%202%20days%20a%20week

 

Holland, K. (2023, September 25). 10 leading causes of death in the United States. Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/leading-causes-of-death

Categories
Biometric Screening

Biometric Screening

Stethoscope diagnostic protection insurance

Lori Bane

A biometric screening is a clinical assessment aimed at measuring specific physical characteristics to evaluate different aspects of your health. These screenings typically measure: 

  • Height
  • Weight
  • Body mass index (BMI)
  • Blood pressure
  • Blood cholesterol levels
  • Blood sugar levels

The primary objective of a biometric screening is to provide an overview of your health status and notify you of any changes that may occur.

These screenings may be offered by various entities such as your employer, union, public health organizations, or nonprofit groups. They may also incorporate wellness counseling, educational sessions, risk assessments, and exercise programs.

It is important to note that biometric screening is not a substitute for a regular physical examination conducted by your healthcare provider, nor does it serve as a diagnostic tool for disease. However, it can help identify potential risk factors.

For a deeper understanding of biometric screenings, what to expect during the process, and how to prepare for one, let’s delve into the details.

What is Biometric Screening?

Biometric screening serves the purpose of notifying individuals about potential health risks and offers a convenient method to monitor changes in vital statistics over time.

Conducted swiftly, these screenings are often held at the workplace. Test results are typically available immediately, helping to identify potential health conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, or heart disease.

Employers utilize biometric screenings to gauge employee health risks and may provide incentives to encourage participation. While the effectiveness of early risk identification in reducing employer healthcare costs is subject to ongoing research and debate, it’s believed that such initiatives may lead to improved performance and productivity among employees by addressing health issues proactively.

What is Measured?

In a biometric screening, your vital signs are evaluated, and blood work is often included. Certain screenings may incorporate a complete blood count (CBC) as well.

Typically, a biometric screening is utilized to measure and evaluate:

  • Height, weight, and waist circumference.
  • Body mass index (BMI), which estimates body fat based on height and weight.
  • Blood pressure and pulse.
  • Fasting blood glucose levels.
  • Blood cholesterol levels and triglycerides.

Additionally, some screening programs may include assessments of aerobic fitness or inquiries about tobacco use and exercise habits.

What can I expect with a Biometric Screening?

A typical biometric screening session usually takes only 15 to 20 minutes, during which you can anticipate the following steps:

  • A healthcare professional will measure your height and make you stand on a scale.
  • They might employ a tape measure to gauge your waist circumference, and possibly your hip circumference as well.
  • To assess your blood pressure, they’ll fit a cuff around your arm.
  • Blood samples may be collected either through a finger prick or venipuncture.
  • You may also be asked to complete a brief questionnaire about your medical history or any health concerns.

It is important to understand that a biometric screening does not involve diagnosis; it simply highlights potential risk factors.

In some cases, programs may include discussions with a healthcare professional regarding your results. Additionally, employers might offer follow-up services such as nutrition counseling.

How to Prepare for a Biometric Screening

Your employer or the organization conducting the biometric screening will provide you with instructions regarding any specific preparations needed for the screening.

Here are some general steps you may need to take before a biometric screening:

  • Fast for 8 to 12 hours, abstaining from food and drink except for water, black coffee, or tea.
  • Stay adequately hydrated, as it can aid in locating a vein if blood needs to be drawn through venipuncture.
  • Dress in comfortable clothing, preferably with sleeves that can be easily rolled up for blood pressure measurement or blood draw.
  • Take your medications as prescribed, unless advised otherwise by your employer.
  • Avoid exercising for 12 hours before the screening, following any guidelines provided by your employer or the screening organization.

Reference:

Hecht, M. (2020, March 11). Biometric screening: What is it and what’s tested? Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/what-to-know-about-a-biometric-screening

 

Categories
Preventative Care

Preventative Care

Dental, consultation and dentist with woman in a clinic for oral health or teeth examination. Checkup, discussion and senior female medical worker talking to African patient in a medicare hospital

Lori Bane

What is prophylaxis (preventive care)?

Prophylaxis, known as “preventive care,” in medical terms, involves actions aimed at maintaining health and preventing illness. Typical prophylactic treatments include vaccinations, cancer screenings, and annual checkups. These measures empower healthcare providers to identify conditions and diseases early, fostering long-term health and well-being.

Preventive care is personalized, with screenings and treatments tailored to individual needs influenced by factors such as age, medical history, sex assigned at birth, and current health status. These customized approaches ensure that preventive care effectively meets each person’s specific requirements.

What are some preventive care examples?

Healthcare providers advocate for prophylaxis, or preventive care, throughout all stages of life. Typical examples of preventive care encompass:

  • Annual wellness visits
  • Routine blood tests
  • Vaccines
  • Cancer screenings
  • Prophylaxis for pregnant individuals
  • Preventive eye care
  • Preventive dental care

These measures play a crucial role in sustaining health, identifying potential issues at an early stage, and promoting overall wellness.

 

Wellness visits

Regular checkups assist your provider in monitoring your overall wellness. The frequency of these visits partially depends on your age. For example, individuals in their 20s may require wellness exams every three years, whereas those in their 50s typically necessitate yearly wellness exams.

During each appointment, your primary care physician (PCP) will assess various factors, including:

  • Height and weight
  • Blood pressure
  • Heart rate
  • Breathing function
  • Temperature
  • Examination of eyes, ears, nose, throat, and skin

These evaluations provide valuable data that aids your provider in crafting a personalized treatment plan.

 

Vaccines

Prophylaxis involves immunizations aimed at guarding against common diseases and infections. These immunizations include:

  • Childhood vaccines, particularly those listed on the childhood immunization schedule from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). These vaccines play a crucial role in preventing diseases such as tuberculosis, polio, measles, mumps, rubella, and HPV (human papillomavirus).
  • Adult vaccines, such as flu shots and COVID-19 vaccines.

These immunizations constitute essential elements of preventive care, contributing to the protection of health throughout all life stages.

 

Cancer screenings

Screenings play a crucial role in enabling healthcare providers to detect certain types of cancer early, enhancing the manageability and effectiveness of treatment. The CDC recommends routine screenings for various cancers, including:

  • Breast cancer: Individuals assigned female at birth aged 40 and over should undergo routine mammograms to screen for breast abnormalities. Those at increased risk may require earlier screenings.
  • Cervical cancer: Starting at age 25, individuals with a cervix should undergo screenings, including an HPV test every five years and a pap smear every three years until age 65.
  • Colorectal (colon) cancer: From age 45 to 75, a colonoscopy is recommended every 10 years. Those with a family history of colon cancer may need earlier and more frequent screenings.
  • Lung cancer: Individuals who smoke or have a history of smoking should consider yearly lung cancer screenings using CT (computed tomography) scans to detect lung lesions or abnormalities.

Additionally, healthcare providers may recommend additional screening tests, particularly for individuals at increased risk of certain cancers. These tests may include:

  • Breast MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): Provides additional images of breast tissue.
  • CA-125 blood test: Monitors certain cancers like ovarian, fallopian tube, or pancreatic cancer.
  • PSA test: Screens for prostate cancer.

It is important to note that these are general guidelines, and consulting with your healthcare provider is essential to determine which screenings are appropriate for you and when to initiate them.

 

Preventive eye care

Maintaining healthy vision is crucial for overall wellness. Regular eye exams are indispensable for this purpose. The frequency of these visits may vary depending on individual factors, underscoring the importance of seeking personalized recommendations from your eye care provider. By conducting regular eye exams, potential vision issues can be detected early, contributing to the ongoing health of your eyes. 

 

Preventive dental care

Preventive dental care is another crucial component of prophylaxis. The following practices can help mitigate oral health issues before they escalate:

  • Dental exams: During these appointments, your dentist assesses the health of your teeth and gums. Early detection of any issues allows for prompt treatment to prevent more severe conditions.
  • Dental cleanings: Regular cleanings are essential for removing plaque and tartar, which elevate the risk of cavities and gum disease. These cleanings effectively eliminate these harmful deposits from your tooth surfaces.
  • Oral cancer screenings: Most dental exams include screenings for oral cancer. Dentists carefully inspect your mouth for any signs of disease.
  • Oral hygiene education: Your dentist or dental hygienist can provide guidance on proper brushing and flossing techniques, enabling you to maintain healthy teeth and gums between visits.

By adhering to these preventive measures, you can safeguard your oral health and prevent potential complications.

 

When should I schedule preventive care screenings?

Healthcare is ever evolving, and preventive care guidelines evolve accordingly. Your healthcare provider is the most reliable source to consult regarding which screenings and treatments are appropriate for you and when they should be pursued.

 

References

Professional, C. C. medical. (n.d.). Why prophylaxis (preventive care) is essential for long-lasting health. Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/prophylaxis-preventive-care

Wisner, W. (2023, February 7). Preventive health: What is it and why is it important? Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/what-is-preventive-health-and-why-is-it-important#preventive-vs-diagnostic

Categories
Fitness Health Wellness

2024 Weight Loss Wars: My Story!

Lori Bane

Mother of the GroomThis year’s MDA Weight Loss Wars challenge came at the perfect time for me to remain focused and stay motivated. I have never had issues with my weight until I approached the age of 50 and since then it has been a struggle. And with the weight gain, other areas of my wellbeing became effected – high blood pressure, heart issues, pre-diabetes, my good cholesterol was bad and my bad cholesterol was good, and my stamina to walk  even short distances became a struggle. Most nights I couldn’t sleep which is terrible for your health, and my days were filled with hot flashes that never went away so I’m not sure you can actually call them flashes! I was taking 11 medications just to function. I went from a healthy active person on zero medications to an overweight, heavily medicated person and my body was crying out for help. If you were a part of the Weight Loss Wars you know that your real name isn’t on the list of participants, but your code name is. My code name was “Mother of the Groom”. What better motivation does one need to remain focused other than the fact that your only son was getting married and you know your photograph would forever be documented in an album somewhere until the end of time!

While it is true a lot of your body make up is based on genetics, I’m a true believer that one can overcome that excuse. Both my parents had high blood pressure, were diabetics, had strokes and heart attacks, and ended up on dialysis. I was also my parent’s caregivers and attended many of their wellness check with their doctors. I learned that the state they were both in could have had a better outcome with some dietary modifications. My parents were born in the 1930’s and were both southern born and raised, which meant lots of butter, bread at every meal, and it’s shameful not to have a piece of pie of cake for dessert every night. Once I realized that kidney failure is a direct result of long time uncontrolled high blood pressure, diabetes, and the absence of remaining active it was easy to have that mental focus of not wanting to be in a dialysis chair three days a week and 5 hrs each day. What piece of pie is worth that?!

 I’m also a very competitive person. I am motivated by wanting to improve myself and to better myself every day – it drives me….and I’m sure if you asked my husband he would finish that with it drives him crazy. But I think on top of all the things I mentioned above, I have to say the biggest thing that kept me motivated was how much weight my goal really equated to. I have two small dogs – the boy dog, JoJo, weighs 24 lbs and the girl dog, Maggie, weighs 14 lbs. When I started my journey around Christmas 2023, my goal was to lose 40 lbs. If you add both my dogs weights together that almost equaled my goal of number of pounds I wanted to loose for a healthy BMI. When I pick up JoJo my thoughts are always how heavy he is! I cannot carry him for very long distances before I’m ready to set all that weight down. I can carry Maggie around a lot easier but she still weighs a lot! That is a very VISUAL image – not just the actual space they occupy but the energy it takes to pick them up and hold them. Now that I’m at my goal weight I can pick up either one of my dogs and it blows my mind that I was carrying all that extra weight around on a daily basis. It affected the way I walked, the pressure on my back, the distance I could comfortably walk, and the way I could (or couldn’t) BREATHE!

Now on to how I did it! Every single day I remained diligent to my restrictions. I measured every bite that went into my mouth. I also ate low calorie and low fat foods. I did not cook with iodized salt or oils and predominately would use an air fryer. I drank 128 oz of water a day and nothing else. For breakfast I would eat 6 oz of an apple and a hard-boiled egg. Lunch consisted of 6 oz of lean chicken, turkey, fish, shrimp, or flank steak, and 6 oz of vegetables such as lettuce, cabbage, asparagus, onion, celery, radishes, cucumbers, tomatoes, or spinach. I used a lot of Mrs. Dash which comes in lots of varieties these days! My afternoon snack would be 6 oz of strawberries or oranges, and dinner would be 6 oz of the same meat and veggies as lunch. I did not ever deviate and I made no excuse of “well it won’t hurt this time” or “I deserve it”. An interesting by product of my new healthy choices was that food tastes so different to me now. A simple plain tomato is like an explosion of flavor in my mouth! Food from a restaurant such as a piece of meat tastes like it is swimming in sodium and I can barely eat it – and if you didn’t know, you can request your meat at a restaurant to have no seasoning! It is possible to eat healthy in a restaurant – I would order a side salad and plain chicken meat with zero dressing. In addition to my food restrictions, I also walked 6 – 9 miles a day with my supportive husband and my beloved pups which kept me focused two ways – we all needed the exercise and the reminder of how heavy and big those pups were!

The weight just fell off – and in the end I lost a “JoJo and a Maggie”!  I was excited to get out of bed every morning to weigh myself because I knew I was discovering the old me with every pound that disappeared. I am off most of my medications now and walked that road with my doctor supporting and guiding me. I am no longer pre-diabetic, my cholesterol is in check, and the most exciting news is I have a beautiful new daughter (in-law) that I welcomed to my family. I hope that any of the above messages inspires you if you find yourself in a similar situation of trying to find the healthy YOU!

Wishing you good health!

 “Mother of the Groom”